Embedded System in layman term: Its embedded in some other system and its combination of Hardware and software.
What is Embedded systems ?
An embedded system refers to a computer system that is designed to perform specific tasks within a larger device or system. It is typically a combination of hardware and software components that are integrated together to control and monitor a particular device or system. The embedded system is dedicated to a specific function and is embedded within a larger product or system, rather than being a standalone computer.
Here are some key points about embedded systems:
Purpose: Embedded systems are purpose-built to perform dedicated functions in specific applications. They are often designed to be reliable, efficient, and cost-effective, focusing on specific tasks rather than general-purpose computing.
Hardware: Embedded systems consist of specialised hardware components tailored to the specific application. This can include microprocessors or micro controllers, memory, input/output interfaces, sensors, actuators, and other electronic components. The hardware is typically optimised for power efficiency, size, and performance.
Software: Embedded systems run specialised software called firmware, which is responsible for controlling and managing the hardware. The firmware provides low-level instructions, drivers, and operating system routines necessary for the embedded system to function correctly. It is often developed using programming languages like C or assembly language.
Real-Time Operation: Many embedded systems require real-time operation, meaning they must respond to external events within strict timing constraints. Real-time embedded systems are commonly found in applications such as industrial automation, robotics, medical devices, automotive systems, and aerospace.
Connectivity: Embedded systems can be standalone or connected to other devices or networks. With the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), embedded systems are increasingly being designed to connect to the internet or other networks, allowing for remote monitoring, control, and data exchange.
Size and Form Factor: Embedded systems can vary in size and form factor depending on the application. They can range from small and compact systems embedded within consumer electronics (e.g., smartphones, wearable) to larger systems integrated into industrial machinery or vehicles.
Development Challenges: Developing embedded systems involves challenges such as hardware-software co-design, optimisation for resource-constrained environments, meeting real-time constraints, managing power consumption, and ensuring reliability and safety.
Resource Constraints: Embedded systems often have limited resources in terms of processing power, memory, storage, and energy. The design of embedded systems must consider these constraints and optimise the hardware and software to work within these limitations.
Industry Applications: Embedded systems have diverse applications across various industries. They are used in sectors such as automotive (engine management systems, infotainment systems), healthcare (medical devices, patient monitoring systems), consumer electronics (smartphones, smart home devices), industrial automation (such as programmable logic controllers and robotics), aerospace (flight control systems), and many more.
Embedded systems play a crucial role in controlling and managing various devices and systems, providing intelligence, automation, and functionality. They are designed to operate efficiently, reliably, and often in real-time, enabling the seamless integration of technology into our daily lives.